| |
- 在本院任職期間：1982年12月迄今
-
- 學歷：
-
美國哥倫比亞大學學士（1975）
-
美國芝加哥大學碩士（1979）
-
美國芝加哥大學博士（1985）
-
現職：
中央研究院民族學研究所研究員（1999.6∼ ）
-
-
經歷：
中央研究院民族學研究所所助理研究員（1982.12∼1985.12）
中央研究院民族學研究所副研究員（1986.1∼1999.6）
-
【研究專長】
文化研究、社會理論、歷史變遷、論述實踐
【著作目錄】更新日期：2009.1.5
學位論文
|
1985 |
Land
is to Live: A Study of the Concept of Tsu
in a Hakka Chinese Village, New Territories
of Hong Kong. Ph.D. thesis, University of
Chicago. |
專書論文／期刊論文
|
2008b |
"Sketching the
Discursive Outlines of Cosmopolitan
Hybridity in Postwar Hong Kong: City
Magazine in the Emergence of 1980s
Popular Culture and Culture Industry",
Journal of the Hong Kong Sociological
Association, Issue 4. |
|
2008a |
"The Postcolonial
Alien in Us All: Identity in the Global
Division of Intellectual Labor",
positions: east asia critique 16(3). |
|
forthcoming |
Ethnography in the
Anthropology of the Unreal, Social
Analysis: The International Journal of
Cultural and Social Practice. |
|
forthcoming |
The Postcolonial Alien
in Us All: Identity in the Global
Division of Intellectual Labor,
positions: east asia critique. |
|
2007b |
Ethnic Identity in the
Politics of the Unreal, Taiwan in
Comparative Perspective 1: 76-86. |
|
2007a |
What Happened to
“Greater China”? Changing Geopolitics in
the China Triangle, Macalester
International 18: 28-44. |
|
2005b |
Writing Theory: Steps
toward an Ecology of Practice.
Anthropological Theory 5(4):515-541. |
|
2005a |
The
Moral Cultivation of Citizenship in a
Taiwan Middle School.
In
Education and the Making of Citizenship
(Europe, South Asia, China), V. Benei
ed. Pp. 57-75. London: Routledge. |
|
2004d |
論「國際學術分工」中的「我們」與他們：西歐（研究）到底是指誰（甚麼）？刊於劉紀蕙主編《文化的視覺系統》。
臺北：麥田出版社。(“Us”
and “Them” in the Global Division of
Intellectual Labor. In The Visual
System of Culture, Liu Chi-hui, ed.
Taipei: Mai-tian.) |
|
2004c |
(co-authored with
Jia-lu Cheng) The Growth of Internet
Communities in Taiwan and the
Marginalization of the Public Sphere. In Globalization and the Humanities:
Nation-States, Disciplines, Virtual
Worlds, and Emergent Sensibilities,
D.L. Li ed., Hong Kong: Hong Kong
University Press, pp. 169-85. |
|
2004b |
World Music, Cultural
Heteroglossia and Indigenous Capital:
Overlapping Frequencies in the Emergence
of Cosmopolitanism in Contemporary
Taiwan. In Refashioning Pop Music in
Asia: Cosmopolitan Flows, Political
Tempos and Aesthetic Industries, A.J.
Chun, E. Rossiter and B. Shoesmith eds.,
London: RoutledgeCurzon, pp. 49-60. |
|
2004a |
(co-authored with N.
Rossiter) Introduction: Cultural
Imaginaries, Musical Communities,
Reflexive Practices. In Refashioning
Pop Music in Asia: Cosmopolitan Flows,
Political Tempos and Aesthetic
Industries, London: RoutledgeCurzon,
pp. 1-14. |
|
2003b |
學院的民主化：邁向理性社會的最後關卡。社會理論學報（香港），6卷1期。 (The
Democratization of Academia: The Last
Barrier to the Emergence of Rational
Society. Journal of Social Theory 6[1]) |
|
2003a |
The Changing Times of a
Village Temple Alliance System in the
Northern New Territories of Hong Kong: An
Analysis of a Tianhou Cult. In
媽祖信仰的發展與變遷，林美容主編，頁57-78。
臺北：臺灣宗教學會
(Development and Change in Mazu Cult
Worship. Lin Meirong et al, eds. Pp. 57-78.
Taipei: Taiwan Association for Religious
Studies). |
|
2002d |
Introduction: Global
Dissonances (Bringing Class and Culture Back
In). Social Analysis: The International
Journal of Cultural and Social Practice
46(2):1-10. |
|
2002c |
From Culture to Power
(and Back): The Many 'Faces' of Mianzi
(face), Guanxi (connection), and
Renqing (rapport). Suomen Antropologi
27(4):19-37. |
|
2002b |
The
Coming Crisis of Multiculturalism in "Transnational"
Taiwan. Social Analysis: The
International Journal of Cultural and
Social Practice 46(3). (U.S., Australia) |
|
2002a |
Flushing in the Future: The Supermodern
Japanese Toilet in a Changing Domestic
Culture. The Journal of Postcolonial
Studies 5(1). (Australia) |
|
2001e |
Editorial: The (Post)nation,
or Violence and the Norm. Communal/Plural:
Journal of Transnational & Crosscultural
Studies 9(1):5-10. |
|
2001d |
(co-authored with Shamsul A.B.)
Editorial: Other “Routes”: The Critical
Challenge for Academia. Inter-Asia Cultural
Studies 2(2):167-76. |
|
2001c |
The
Politics and Poetics of Anthropological
Area Studies in Postwar Taiwan.
Inter-Asia
Cultural Studies 2(2):221-45. (U.K.)
|
|
2001b |
Diasporas
of Mind, or Why There Ain't No Black Atlantic
in Cultural China. Communal/Plural: Journal
of Transnational & Crosscultural Studies
9(1): 95-110. (Australia)
|
|
2001a |
From
Text to Context: How Anthropology Makes
Its Subject.
Cultural
Anthropology 15(4):570-95. |
|
2000e |
Introduction: (Post)Colonialism
and Its Discontents, or the Future of
Practice. Cultural Studies 14(3-4):379-84. |
|
2000d |
Colonial
Govern-Mentality
in Transition: Hong Kong as Imperial Subject
and Object
Cultural
Studies 14(3-4):430-61. (U.K.)
|
|
2000c |
Democracy
as Hegemony, Globalization as Indigenization,
or the “Culture” in Taiwanese National
Politics.
Journal
of Asian and African Studies 35(1):7-27. (Holland) |
|
2000b |
Hong
Kong, A Tale of Three Books (and One City)
(review article).
Australian
Journal of Anthropology 11(1):100-108.
(Australia) |
|
2000a |
The
Institutional Unconscious, or the Prison
House of Academia.
boundary
2 27(1):51-74. (U.S.A.) |
|
1999 |
解構中國性：論族群意識作為文化作為認同之曖昧不明（Chinese
rendition of
1996d）
。臺灣社會研究季刊 33:103-31。 |
|
1998 |
The
Culture Industry as National Enterprise:
The Politics of Heritage in Contemporary
Taiwan (unabridged).
From
Beijing to Port Moresby: Cultural Policy
and National Identity in Asia and the Pacific,
V.R. Dominguez and D.Y.H. Wu eds. New York:
Gordon and Breach. |
|
1996e |
From
Nationalism to Nationalizing: Cultural Imagination
and State Formation in Postwar Taiwan (revised).
Chinese
Nationalism, pp. 126-47, Jonathan Unger
ed. Armonk: M.E. Sharpe. |
|
1996d |
Fuck
Chineseness: On the Ambiguities of Ethnicity
as Culture as Identity. Boundary
223(2):111-38. (U.S.A.) |
|
1996c |
The
Lineage-Village Complex in Southeastern
China: A Long Footnote in the Anthropology
of Kinship.
Current
Anthropology 37(3): 61-95. (U.S.A.) |
|
1996b |
由「土著觀點」探討漢人親屬關係。中央研究院民族所集刊
81:1-18. |
|
1996a |
Discourses
of Identity in the Changing Spaces of Public
Culture in Taiwan, Hong Kong and Taiwan.
Theory Culture & Society 13(1):51-75. (U.K.) |
|
1995b |
論東方人的東方論：從戰後傳統文化的建構看現代的弔詭
（Chinese rendition of 1995a）。當代 108:86-99；109:106-18。再版於其跡背後：解構東亞現代化，羅金義
、王張偉合編，1997。香港：牛津大學出版社。
|
|
1995a |
An
Oriental Orientalism: The Paradox of Tradition
and Modernity in Nationalist Taiwan.
History and Anthropology 9(1): 27-56. (U.K.) |
|
1994b |
The
Culture Industry as National Enterprise:
The Politics of Heritage in Contemporary
Taiwan (abridged).
Culture
and Policy, 5: 69-89. (Australia) |
|
1994a |
From
Nationalism to Nationalizing: Cultural Imagination
and State Formation in Postwar Taiwan.
The Australian Journal of Chinese Affairs 31: 49-69. (Australia) |
|
1993 |
From
the Historical Unconscious to the Imagined
Community: The Unfinished Revolution in
Nationalist Taiwan.
Shisoo
思想
823: 108-26. (Japanese
translation) |
|
1992 |
The
Practice of Tradition in the Writing of
Custom, or Chinese Marriage from
Li
to
Su.
Late Imperial China 13(2):82-122. (U.S.) |
|
1991 |
La
Terra Trema:
The Crisis of Kinship and Community in the
New Territories of Hong Kong Before and
After "The Great Transformation".
Dialectical
Anthropology 16(3-4):309-29. (U.S.,
Holland) |
|
1990b |
Policing
Society: The "Rational" Practice
of British Colonial Land Administration
in the New Territories of Hong Kong, c.1900.
The
Journal of Historical Sociology 3(4):401-22. (U.K., Canada) |
|
1990a |
Conceptions
of Kinship and Kingship in Classical Chou
China.
T'oung
Pao 76(1-3):16-48. (France, Holland) |
|
1989b |
Pariah
Capitalism and the Overseas Chinese of Southeast
Asia: Problems in the Definition of the
Problem.
Ethnic
and Racial Studies 12(2):233-56. |
|
1989a |
Being
and Nothingness in Chinese Kinship: Three
Meta-Studies.
Reviews in Anthropology 15(2): 69-80. (U.S.) (appeared in 1990)
|
|
1988 |
Is
There a Structure of Chinese Society?
Journal
of the Hong Kong Branch of the Royal Asiatic
Society 28: 240-61. (Hong Kong) (appeared
in 1990) |
|
1987 |
國內知識界的「當代」。思與言 24(5):550-55. |
|
1986 |
香港新界在二十世紀的土地革命
。中央研究院民族所集刊
61:1-40. |
|
1984b |
「賭」與香港社會。中國論壇
19(2):35-37. |
|
1984a |
重新思考
Lineage Theory
與中國社會。漢學研究 2(2):403-446. |
|
1983 |
The
Meaning of Crisis and the Crisis of Meaning
in History: A Critical Interpretation of
the Sino-British Opium War.
Bulletin of the Institute of Ethnology, Academia Sinica 55:169-228.
(Taiwan)
|
|
1980 |
Slavery
as a Mode of Exchange among the Kwakiutl
Indians of the Northwest Coast.
Chicago
Anthropological Exchange 13(1):4-29.
(U.S.) |
研討會論文
|
2008c |
"
The Unthinkable—Thinking Beyond the Limits
of Culture ",
不可思議—試探文化想像的境界國際學術會議,中央研究院民族學研究所,12/13-14. |
|
2008b |
"From Sinicization to Indigenization in the
Social Sciences: Is That All There Is?",
Formation and Development of Academic
Disciplines in 20th Century China
Conference, 北京中央民族大., 10/30-11/2. |
|
2008a |
"Nomadic Ethnoscapes in
the Changing Global-Local Pop Music
Industry: ICRT as IC", Charismatic
Modernity: Popular Culture in Taiwan
Conference, University of South Carolina,
10/4-5. |
|
2007e |
From Culture to Culturalism: Some Muddles in
the Model.
Paper for
Roundtable Forum on “Being ‘Chinese’ Outside
China: Problems of Research and Analysis”,
Asia Research Institute, National University
of Singapore, October 9. |
|
2007d |
Ethnicity in the Politics
of the Unreal.
Paper presented for
panel on
Re-Inventing Asianness, IIAS 5th Biennial
International Convention of Asia Scholars,
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, August 2-5. |
|
2007c |
The Glocal Future of Western
Language Pop Music Radio in Taiwan.
Paper
given at Theory Culture & Society 25th
Anniversary Conference, Ubiquitous Media:
Asian Transformations, University of Tokyo,
Japan, July 13-16. |
|
2007b |
Ethnography in the Anthropology of the
Unreal. Paper presented at The Future of
Ethnographic Practices Conference, Institute
of Ethnology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, June
2-3. |
|
2007a |
Identity as Geopolitical
Process: Discursive Origins of
Cosmopolitanism in Hong Kong.
Paper
presented at Conference on Cosmopolitanism:
Thinking Beyond the Nation, Florida State
University, February 1-4. |
|
2006e |
What Happened to “Greater China”? Changing
Geopolitics in the China Triangle,
paper for
The New Ties That Bind Conference,
University of South Carolina, November
10-12. |
|
2006d |
On the Geopolitics of Identity. Paper
presented at
Culture in Context: Pragmatics, Industries,
Technologies, Geopolitics Conference,
Institute of Ethnology, Academia Sinica,
Sept. 16-17, 2006. |
|
2006c |
On the Geopolitics of Identity.
Paper presented at
International Symposium on Contemporary
Asian Modernities, Hong Kong Baptist
University, Hong Kong, September 9-10. |
|
2006b |
The Alien in Us All:
Illusions of Ethnicization in the Global
Division of Intellectual Labor.
Paper
presented at
boundary 2 Conference on Thinking Common
Problems: A Literary Critical Symposium,
Hong Kong University, Hong Kong, June 13. |
|
2006a |
Changing Transnational Spaces
of Western Pop Music Culture in Taiwan.
Paper
presented at
panel on Cultural Perspectives on “Global”
Taiwan, Second Annual Conference for the
International Association for the Study of
Environment, Space and Place, Towson
University, Towson, MD, April 29. |
|
2005b |
Ethnicity in the Politics
of the Unreal.
Paper for panel on
Anthropological Complicity and State Making,
American Anthropological Association Annual
Meeting, December 3. |
|
2005a |
Hong Kong Identity after
the End of "History".
Paper
presented at
the Bernard S. Cohn
Memorial Conference, Anthropology
Department, University of Chicago, May
13-14. |
|
2003 |
Writing Theory:
Steps toward an Ecology of Practice.
Paper
presented at Blurred Boundaries: Rethinking Culture in
the Context of Interdisciplinary Practice.
Instititute of Ethnology, Academia Sinica,
Nankang, Taipei, December 13-14. |
|
2002 |
The
Disciplinary Divide: Is There a Bottom Line
in Cultural Studies?
Paper
presented at the
Conference Cultural Returns: Assessing the
Place of Culture in Social Thought, Pavis
Centre for Social and Cultural Research,
The Open University, U.K., September 18-20. |
|
2001d |
The
Moral Cultivation of Citizenship in a Taiwan
Middle School.
Paper
presented at
the Conference
Manufacturing Citizenship, St Antonys College,
Oxford University, July 6-7. |
|
2001c |
Hong
Kong “Identity” after the End of History.
Paper
presented at the Conference After the
End: Hong Kong Culture after 1997, University
of California, Los Angeles, Center for Transnational
and Transcolonial Studies, May 25-26. |
| 2001b |
Open
Economies and Closed Minds: The Coming Crisis
of Multiculturalism in “Transnational”
Taiwan.
Paper
presented at the Conference
on Migration Between States and Markets,
International Sociological Association Meeting,
Liege, Belgium, May 17-19.
|
|
2001a |
The
Facts and Fictions of Multiculturalism in
Contemporary Taiwan.
Paper
presented at
the Conference
on Asia, Europe, and Global Processes: Economic,
Cultural and Normative Dimensions, National
University of Singapore, March 14-16. |
| 2000 |
Grand
Illusion: The Long History of Multiculturalism
in Taiwan in an Era of Invented Indigenization.
Paper
presented at the Conference on Remapping
Taiwan: Histories and Cultures in the Context
of Globalization, University of California,
Los Angeles, October 12-15.
|
| 1999 |
(with
Jia-lu Cheng) The Growth of Internet Communities
in Taiwan and the Marginalization of the
Public Sphere.
Paper
presented at the Conference
on Turn-of-the-Century China, Center of
Humanities, University of California, Santa
Barbara, February 19-21.
|
| 1998 |
Flushing
in the Future: The Postmodern Japanese Toilet
in the Changing Spaces of Domestic Culture.
Paper
presented at the Conference on
New Cultural Imaginaries: The Fourth International
Symposium on Cultural Criticism, Chinese
University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong,
January 5-9. |
| 1997d |
The
Dissemination and Institutionalization of
Knowledge/Information: Problems in Communication
Infrastructure.
Paper
presented at Cultural and Communications
Policy in the Asian Region: Research Agendas
Workshop. Organized by Griffith University
Australian Key Centre for Culture and Media
Policy, in Singapore, September 4-5.
|
| 1997c |
From
Text to Context: The Production and Reproduction
of Anthropological Area Studies in Postwar
Taiwan.
Paper
presented at Conference on
The Future of Anthropology in South China,
Anthropology Department, Chinese University
of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, June 10-11.
|
| 1997b |
Problems
of Teaching Socio-Cultural Theory/Research
in a Taiwan Setting.
Paper
presented at Conference on Teaching
Social Sciences in East Asia, Faculty of
Social Sciences and Humanities, University
of Macau, Macau, May 2-3.
|
| 1997a |
World
Music, Cultural Heteroglossia and Indigenous
Capital.
Paper
presented at Conference of the
Society for the Study of Multi-Ethnic Literature
in the United States (MELUS), Honolulu,
Hawaii, April 18-20.
|
|
1996d |
Colonial
Governmentality as Mentalité:
The Changing Utopianism of British Colonialism
in Hong Kong.
Paper
presented at
Conference on
Colonialism, Nationalism and Modernity in
East Asia, Center for Cultural Studies,
University of California, Santa Cruz, October
11-12. |
|
1996c |
Cosmopolitanism
and Countertalk in an Emerging Discursive
Public: The Semantics and Pragmatics of
Two Kinds of Transnational Media in Taiwan.
Paper presented
at Conference on Transnational
Publics and Civil Society in the Asia-Pacific,
University of California, Berkeley, June
28-30. |
|
1996b |
Cosmopolitanism
as Indigenizing Process: The Changing Popular
Culture of International Community Radio
Taipei (I.C.R.T.).
Paper
presented at
Symposium on
Culture, Media and Society in Present-Day
Taiwan, John K. Fairbank Center for East
Asian Studies, Harvard University, June
10-16. |
| 1996a |
Discoursing
Chineseness: On the Ambiguities of Ethnicity
as Culture as Identity. The Second International
Symposium on Cultural Criticism, The Chinese
University of Hong Kong, January 2-6.
|
| 1995 |
To
Be or Not to Be Chinese: Contradictions
of Ethnicity in Postwar Hong Kong.
Paper
presented at the Association
for Asian Studies Annual Meeting, Washington,
DC, April 6-9. |
|
1994b |
The
Lineage-Village Complex in Southeastern
China (A Long Footnote in the Anthropology
of Kinship). Paper
read at The Interdisciplinary
Forum on the Anthropology of China, Research
School of Pacific and Asian Studies, The
Australian National University, Canberra,
ACT, May 27. |
| 1994a |
Ethnic
Consciousness, Cultural Discourse and National
Identity, or Three Takes on Chineseness.
Paper
presented at Conference on Nationalities,
Ethnicities and Identities, La Trobe University,
Bundoora, VIC, July 7-9.
|
|
1993d |
Discourses
of Identity in the Politics of the Modern
Nation-State. Paper
given at Conference on Post-Colonial
Formations: Nation, Culture, Policy, Centre
for Cultural Policy Studies, Griffith University,
QLD, July 7-10. |
|
1993c |
Traditional
Chinese Kinship "From the Native's
Point of View". Paper
given at Symposium on Kinship
Studies, Institute of Ethnology, Academia
Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, June 4. |
|
1993b |
The
Changing Politics of Culture in Postwar
Taiwan. Paper
given at Friedrich Neumann
Stiftung Conference on Transition to Democracy
in Asia, Phuket, Thailand, May 28-31. |
|
1993a |
An
Oriental Orientalism: The Paradox of Tradition
in the Writing of Taiwan's National Self.
Paper given
at Conference on The Subject
of China, University of California, Santa
Cruz, CA, January 21-23. |
|
1992b |
The
Work of Tradition and the Logic of Cultural
Construction in Modern Taiwan. Paper
written for Symposium on
Cultural Policy and National Identity in
Asia and the Pacific, East-West Center,
Hawaii, June 15-21. |
| 1992a |
From
the Historical Unconscious to the Imagined
Community: The Unfinished Revolution in
Nationalist Taiwan. Paper
given at Conference on Nationalism
Today, Osaka University, Japan, March 18-21.
|
| 1991c |
The
Cultural Consequences of Depoliticizing
Moral Education in Post-Modern Taiwan. Paper
given at University of Virginia
Conference on Chinese Education in the 21st
Century, Honolulu, Hawaii, November 19-21.
|
|
1990b |
Rewriting
the Sacred: Textual Authority in the Construction
of Local Ritual Traditions.
Paper
presented at
the Society
for the Study of Chinese Religion, Association
for Asian Studies Meeting, Chicago, IL,
April 6-8. |
|
1990a |
The
Writing of Custom in the Practice of Tradition:
The Meaning of Rites in Local Etiquette
Handbooks. ACLS‑SSRC Joint Conference
on the Scriptures of Chinese Popular Religion,
Bodega Bay, CA, January 3-6. |
| 1989 |
The
High and the Low, the Seen and the Unseen:
Local Reflections on the Moral Practice
of Chinese Kinship. Meeting of the Association
for Asian Studies, Washington, D.C., March
19-21. |
|
1987 |
The
Ch'ing Tribute System as Guest Ritual: A
Preliminary Description. The Second International
Conference on Sinology, Academia Sinica,
Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan, December 27‑30.
(Proceedings published in 1989) |
專書（含編著）
|
forthcoming |
Social Visibility and Political
Invisibility: The Ethnography of a School in
Nationalist Taiwan. |
| n.d. |
Hong Kong Identity
after the End of "History". In
History and Anthropology: Essays in Honor of
Bernard S. Cohn. J. Kelly and M. Kaplan,
eds. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. |
| 2004 |
Refashioning Pop Music in Asia: Cosmopolitan
Flows, Political Tempos and Aesthetic Industries. (A. Chun, E. Rossiter, and B. Shoesmith, eds.
London:
Routledge-Curzon. |
|
2002b |
Global Dissonances (invited guest editor).
Social Analysis: The International
Journal of Cultural and Social Practice
46(3). |
| 2002a |
(editor) Culture and Social Change in Taiwan.
Aldershot: Ashgate. (being compiled)
|
|
2001b |
(invited
guest editor, with A.B. Shamsul) Other
"Routes": The Critical Challenge for
Academia. Inter-Asia Cultural Studies
2(2) (special issue). |
|
2001a |
(invited
guest editor) The Postnation, or Violence
and the Norm. Communal/Plural: Journal
of Transnational & Crosscultural Studies
9(1) (special issue). |
| 2000b |
(invited
guest editor) (Post) Colonialism and Its
Discontents. Cultural Studies 14(3-4)
(special double issue). |
| 2000a |
Unstructuring Chinese Society:
The Fictions of Colonial Practice and
the Changing Realities of "Land"
in the New Territories of Hong Kong.
Amsterdam: Harwood Academic Publications.
|
技術報告及其他等
|
2008 |
"西方流行音樂文化的全球化及本土化過程：台灣ICRT收音電台的歷史人類學個案分析"國科會專題計畫結案報告。 |
|
2006 |
Book Review of Steve Tsang, 2004, A Modern
History of Hong Kong: 1841-1997, London: I.B.
Tauris.
In East Asia: An International
Quarterly 23(1):86-88. |
|
2005b |
Book Review of K.C. Ho, R.
Kluver & C.C. Yang eds., 2003, Asia.com:
Asia Encounters the Internet, London:
RoutledgeCurzon.
In Cyberculture Studies (September). |
|
2005a |
Book Review of Arif
Dirlik and Zhang Xudong (eds.), 2000,
Postmodernism and China,
Durham: Duke University Press. Theory
Culture and Society 22(2):141-144. |
|
2003 |
Book Review of Thomas Gold et
al eds., 2002, Social Connections in China:
Institutions, Culture, and the Changing
Nature of Guanxi,
Cambridge University Press.
In
Bulletin of the School of Oriental and
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【研究旨趣】
本人於完成博士論文後。近年來，一方面在探討該論文中一些仍未解決的關鍵，
努力就論文中理論、哲學、歷史及親屬方面的論點做更深入之分析，以發揮其原來之基本想法，並陸續發表於不同之國際期刊。這些研究工作直到去年我的專書的完成後才暫告一段落。該本專書是本人近十年來的研究成果。在理論上，本書有兩個主要關切重點，一是探討英國在香港新界的殖民統治對土地和當地社會的影響；另一則在探討戰後全球資本主義脈絡中，殖民政府施政的轉變對歷史學家和社會科學家在有關過去若干事件和社會現象的詮釋上有什麼影響。
另一方面，由於對全球化趨勢與地方文化認同在各個不同的大眾文化場域中所呈現的複雜互動的注意
，使我近年來逐漸將焦點投注在由網際網路（Internet）所形成的公共領域（public sphere）上。我之所以以公共領域而非公共空間
（public
space）來描述這一經由電腦所媒介的社會互動（computer-mediated
communication）而形成的場域，主要在於強調該場域本身所具有的社會與文化意涵，而非僅只是一些偶然與隨意的社會交流。簡言之，我視該場域為一社會事實，並企圖探討與研究該社會事實。
中程及長程計畫
戰後本土意識的興起與宗教的角色：
臺灣基督長老教會的個案探討
計畫主持人：陳奕麟
關鍵詞：本土意識、文化認同、
臺灣長老教會
中文摘要：
本研究計畫的主要目的，是要就本土意識及文化認同的研究領域，提出一個宗教面向的考察，藉著戰後作為非本土宗教的
臺灣基督教長老教會，在戰後初期政府去殖民化過程中，其對本土文化與本土意識所扮演的積極性角色，分析臺灣歷史中本土化過程的特殊經驗，以及提出宗教與文化認同間的互動關係，提供
臺灣文化認同研究一個新的視野。
(一)研究計畫之背景及目的：
1.文化認同研究的宗教向度：
文化與身分認同問題，在其他的臺灣社會課題中，如族群問題、政治取向研究、社會衝突、國家認同等等有極密切的關係，在上述課題的個別研究中，也無可避免地要涉及到文化與身分認同的問題。其重要性可見一般。
過去對文化認同問題的探討不外從族群研究（如張茂桂 1993；胡台麗
1990）、土著化（如陳其南
1980）、本土文學（陳昭瑛
1998；陳芳明
2000）、民間宗教（如Rubinstein 1994；Sangren
1998；Weller
1998）或國家的建構（如陳奕麟
1994；盧建榮
2000）等課題作為探討的向度；相對於上述研究對象中，臺灣的基督新教則較少為研究者所注意，即使研究臺灣新教的學者如Raber（1978）、Swanson（1970）、Rubinstein（1991）等亦不曾從文化認同的角度觀察戰後
臺灣新教教派間的差別，研究者往往因為其西方外來宗教的外表，較不會將之關連於本土文化認同的研究中。
然而，新教在臺灣發展的經過，正好為臺灣文化認同問題的研究，提出了一個宗教向度的視野。以
臺灣長老教會為例，她在日據時代前已經在臺設教，所以到了戒嚴時代，因為黨禁及民間結社的限制，在
臺灣社會中她成為了國民黨以外最大的組織。不但如此，在當時臺灣社會除了官方組織外與國際社會的聯繫可說非常微弱，
臺灣長老會卻與此相反，她不但是世界改革宗教會
(World Alliance of Reformed Churches)
的成員，更與普世教協
(World Churches Council)
有密切的聯繫，這些背景使她更具世界視野。與此同時，因為其設教歷史較早，又加上使用較早期移居
臺灣族群的閩南語系作為崇拜及教會活動語言，所以成員結構自然以較早移民至臺灣的族群為主。
2.基督新教與戰後臺灣本土意識的興起：長老教會的案例
一九四九年後遷臺初至戒嚴時期政府的去殖民化政策中，連帶對本土文化政府亦採取壓抑的態度，
臺灣長老教會及其屬下的教育機構，一直擔任本土文化的保持者的角色，如神學院的教育使用閩南語，在當時少有的
臺灣史課程等。在後來官方中國化國家身分的建構中，臺灣長老教會也一直是不加掩飾地在其神學中表達初她的
臺灣意識。
與臺灣長老教會的極不一樣的是一九四九年後遷臺的「泛國語系統教會」，她們包括了四九年後來
臺的建制性的教會（institutional
churches）如衛理宗、信義宗等教派，以及受到反對宗派的「小群」教會衍生的國語禮拜堂系統。前者因資源不足的緣故，很快地被後者所「小群化」了。因此在神學上她們同時向由二○年代由美國教會界所產生的基要主義的思想靠攏，她們並不關心所謂本土化的問題，對社會關懷亦不熱切，她們要求的是一個純粹合乎聖經，不受文化因素影響的信仰，本土文化的關懷僅是宣教上工具性的靠量；同時這個信仰對現世是採取否定的態度，她們與國際的組織來往並不密切，對國際社會或普世教會的認識，僅從北美奮興主義傳統或基要主義背景的差會宣教士所提供的訊息。此外，成員中有許多是隨從國民政府遷
臺的公務員，所以她們較服從政府的立場。「泛國語系統教會」正好提供了一個與臺灣長老教會對比的研究對象。
上述臺灣長老教會會友在文化身分認同上多是採本土文化認同的傾向，與其國際的連結有密切的關係，國際的關係是她們在神學及社會實踐時採本土化的重要因素。而泛國語教會系統會友對本土的疏離，也正是與她們對其傳統及國際教會社會的疏離有關。在社會行動背後的神學理念中，
臺灣長老教會所建構的本土神學，啟迪於國際教會界神學的反省（特別是解放神學）；泛國語教會所追求的一個不受文化影響的信仰理念，卻信仰實踐的指導卻表現為最具中國民間傳統價值取向的倫理教導。
所以從這兩個在臺的發展的新教所呈現的其複雜性，為我們提供了一個宗教與文化認同學術性研究的素材，在基本資料建立與研究分析後，可為我們進一步觀察宗教與身分認同的關係。
(二)研究方法、進行步驟及執行進度
本計畫的旨在透過對兩個新教教派的資料建立，及個案比較的研究，嘗試分析同為新教傳統的兩個教派在戰後的
臺灣，其文化身分認同的形塑過程，並進而探討文化認同建構過程的宗教或信仰因素。
所以本計畫分兩年進行，2003年以相關文獻資料的收集，及實際的田野調查工作為主。透過文獻資料的建立了解這兩個教派在這後對本土意識的差異現象的歷史背景。透過深度的訪談的田野工作，可了解教會與當地居民的關係及其在當地所扮演的角色。
2004年在上述資料收集的基礎上，作進一步的分析，長老教會各種公開的宣言及宗教倫理、神學內容的與社會變遷的關連。進而考察他們與本土意識興起的之間互動的關係。
2003年在建立基本資料的建立方面，主要以長老教會臺北、臺南兩大中會下的教會及其屬下教育機構相關歷史的收集為主，此外我們亦考察英國國家檔案館所收藏了過去英國淡水領事館的教務資料，來觀察長老會在戰前、戰後，宣教士與本地教務人員等與政府間的關係的比較。田野工作方面，主要從事於人物的深入訪談來口述歷史資料，採訪對象分為經歷過日據時代的教會領袖，及經歷過七○年代與政府對抗時期的領袖等。此外，在
臺北及臺南地區，我們選擇特定教會作田野的實地考察，觀察其與當地社群的關係。
至於與長老教會作比較研究的「泛國語教會系統」方面，由於她們的檔案儲存並不理想，所以口述歷史的重建就佔很重要的份量，我們將對第一代來
臺或第一代參與創教者將採取有系統的口述訪談。此外，收集相關的傳教資料，如第一代教會領袖的講章記錄、並該系統教會的社會參與記錄與剪報等。
透過上述資料的建立，2004年將集中於分析研究，本計畫主持人陳奕麟先生將從文化認同、協同主持人宋錦秀女士將從宗教研究以及研究助理龐君華先生將從宗教倫理與神學等角色作綜合的討論及整理出戰後
臺灣本土意識的興起與宗教之間的關係。
(三)預期完成之工作項目及具體成果
在本申請計畫執行第一年，若照上述進路的完成後，預期可以建立一個基督新教個案在
臺灣發展的基本資料檔案，其中除了文獻資料外，亦包括了經歷過戰前的長老教會領袖及信徒的口述資料以及戰後來
臺的新教領袖的口述歷史資料。
第二年除了補充部份田野資料外，更可透過參與的工作人員，就不同的學域及研究經驗（本計畫主持人陳奕麟先生將從文化認同、協同主持人宋錦秀女士將從宗教研究以及研究助理龐君華先生將從宗教倫理與神學）就基本資料進行分析及研討，相信不但對於參與者本身原有的研究可以提出一個新的經驗，更可充實本計畫中的研究主題。
本計畫完成後，計畫參與者可據此一研究的成果發表專文或專書，將為本國本土意識興起及文化認同等課題，提供一個宗教的角度的觀察，特別是透過此一「非本土宗教」與本土意識及文化認同的互動關係研究可以進一步呈現出此一課題的複雜性。本計畫中的口述歷史資料，更可為戰後初期
臺灣歷史及社會研究提供一個新的史料。
目前臺灣各大學正紛紛成立宗教學系所，本計畫正好提出一個與臺灣歷史、社會、文化關連宗教研究的成果。
再者，本計畫研究的成果，可為臺灣本土或歷史研究提供新的相關文獻資料。並且可以在國際泛文化的研究中呈現出
臺灣文化認同過程的特色，可充實「臺灣經驗」的特殊內涵。
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1980 清代臺灣社會的結構。 中央研究院民族學研究所集刊
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